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What Is AMD?

What Is AMD?

We have discussed at length a number of eye conditions that become more prevalent as we age. By the time we reach the age of sixty-five, nearly one in three Americans will have developed an eye disease that can impair vision. It is good to be aware of the most common of these conditions so that you can be on the lookout for changes in your vision that may indicate their onset and work to lower your risk.

A Closer Look At Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that primarily affects older adults and is a leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 50. The macula is the central part of the retina, responsible for sharp, central vision needed for activities such as reading and driving. AMD specifically involves damage or deterioration of the macula, leading to a loss of central vision.

AMD does not typically cause blindness but can cause severe vision loss in later stages. This loss primarily makes it challenging to read, drive, or perform other detailed daily activities that depend on central vision.

There are two main types of AMD: Dry AMD (also referred to as atrophic AMD) and Wet AMD ( also referred to as advanced neovascular AMD). Let’s first take a closer look at what differentiates these two types of Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The most common form of AMD, accounting for 80-90% of all diagnoses, is Dry AMD. This type is characterized by the thinning of the macula from the gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells as we age. Progressing over the course of three distinct stages (early, intermediate, and late) over the span of years, the onset of symptoms is extremely slow.

While there is no definitive cause of Dry AMD, both genetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of the condition.

Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Although less common, wet AMD is more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels develop beneath the retina and leak blood and fluid, leading to rapid damage to the macula. Wet AMD can cause a sudden and severe loss of central vision.

Any stage of Dry AMD can become Wet AMD, but due to the rapid onset and progression of this form, Wet AMD is always considered a late-stage condition and can develop on its own without progressing out of the dry form.

Risk Factors And Symptoms Of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

The exact cause of AMD is not fully understood, but age (50+), genetics (family history), and environmental factors are known to play a role. Smoking, high blood pressure, and a diet lacking in certain nutrients may also contribute to the development of AMD. 

The symptoms associated with AMD change depending on the stage of the disease but generally include and progress through the following:

  • Trouble seeing in low-lighting
  • Blurred or distorted central vision
  • Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
  • Straight lines appearing wavy
  • Dark or empty areas in the center of vision

Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management of AMD. If you notice a change in your visual acuity, especially waviness, be sure to schedule a check-in with your eye doctor as soon as possible.

Testing And Treatments For Age-Related Macular Degeneration

As part of early onset, small yellow deposits called drusen may form in the macula, which can easily be spotted during eye exams. Your optometrist may use one of a variety of tests to check on the health of your macula, including:

  • Annidis RHA Multi-Spectral Imaging
  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
  • Optomap Ultra-Widefield Retinal Imaging
  • Macular Pigment Density Test (MPOD)
  • Slit Lamp Test

There is no cure for AMD. In the early stages, lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and certain vitamins, and protecting the eyes from excessive UV exposure, may help reduce the risk or progression of AMD.

For intermediate and late-stage Wet AMD, more treatment options are available. Treatments, such as anti-VEGF medications or photodynamic therapy (PDT), may help slow down the progression of the disease and manage its symptoms. 

Asheville Vision And Wellness 

Everyone has different histories and lifestyles, making eye care needs unique. You should have an eye doctor who considers you and can give common-sense recommendations. If you think your vision is changing, schedule an appointment with Asheville Vision and Wellness today to see what experienced care with the latest technology can do for your vision needs. 

For over three decades, we have helped patients throughout western North Carolina with a wide variety of eye care, including comprehensive eye examinations, eyeglasses, contact lenses, and medical eye evaluations.  We also have a wide variety of the latest eyewear, from basic to designer.

If you need a regular eye exam or think you may be at risk for eye disease, come in and talk to our specialists today. Our optometrists can diagnose, treat, and manage ocular diseases.